As a professional supplier of stainless steel materials worldwide, we are well aware of the confusion customers face when choosing 304 stainless steel and 316 stainless steel. The two materials seem similar, but there are significant differences in performance, cost and application scenarios. This article will thoroughly compare the chemical composition, physical properties, material costs and applicable scenarios of the two to help you make the best decisions.
Chemical Composition Comparison
304 stainless steel
304 is the most widely used austenitic stainless steel, its core components are:
18% chromium (Cr) : provides basic corrosion resistance and forms an oxide protective film.
8% nickel (Ni) : Increased ductility and acid resistance.
≤0.08% carbon (C) : Control the risk of intergranular corrosion.
316 stainless steel
316 adds key elements to 304:
16-18% chromium + 10-14% nickel: maintain austenitic structural stability.
2-3% Molybdenum (Mo) : Significantly improve the resistance to chloride corrosion (such as seawater, chemical solvents).
Lower carbon content (≤0.03%) : Further reduce the risk of intergranular corrosion (316L for some models).
Summary: 316 has stronger corrosion resistance in harsh environments due to the addition of molybdenum.
Comparison of Physical Properties
| property | 304 stainless steel | 316 stainlesss steel |
| Tensile Strength | 515-620MPa | 515-650MPa |
| Hardness | 201max | 217max |
| Temperature resistance limit | 870℃ | 925℃ |
| Processability | Excellent (suitable for stamping and welding) | Good (requires higher molding pressure) |
Key differences:
316 has better creep resistance at high temperatures and is suitable for long-term high temperature environments (such as boiler components).
304 has better ductility, suitable for complex shape processing (such as kitchenware, decorative parts).
Material Cost Comparison
Procurement cost: 316 stainless steel due to the scarcity of molybdenum element, the price is usually 20%-40% higher than 304.
Maintenance costs: In corrosive environments, the long life of 316 reduces replacement frequency and provides a better long-term cost performance.
Processing cost: The hardness of 316 is higher, and the processing energy consumption is slightly higher, but the difference can be controlled within 5%.
Suggestion:
Budget sensitive projects: preference for 304 (such as interior furniture, general building materials).
High corrosion or high temperature scenarios: Choose 316 to reduce life cycle costs (e.g., Marine equipment, chemical pipelines)
Application Scenario Selection Guide
Scenario 304 is preferred
Interior decoration (railings, countertops)
Food processing equipment (no acid/salt environment)
Daily household items (sink, cutlery)
Building facades in mild climates
Must Select Scenario 316
Coastal or high salt environments (ship components, offshore platforms)
Chemical/pharmaceutical industry (contact with acidic media or bleach)
Medical equipment (high corrosion resistance and sterile surfaces required)
High temperature and high pressure equipment (heat exchanger, boiler accessories)
Summary and Suggestion
304 and 316 stainless steel have their own advantages, and the key to selection is the environmental conditions and economic balance:
Conventional environment: 304 is the cost-effective choice, meeting 90% of the general needs.
Harsh environment: 316 is protected by molybdenum to avoid the risk of failure due to corrosion.
Special requirements: 316L (ultra low carbon) can be customized for welding key components, or choose a nitrogen-containing model for increased strength.
Inquiry contacting:
Email:export@aoxingmetal.com
Tel:0086 183 1649 0047
Post time: Apr-15-2025
